Voenen Zhurnal 2/2024

CONTENTS

Research, Analysis, Foresees

 MILITARY COOPERATION IN FAVOUR OF ACHIEVING THE OBJECTIVES OF THE FOREIGN POLICY. CASE STUDY GREECE – ISRAEL

Colonel Dr. Petar Petrov
Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Bulgaria

Abstract: The article examines the development of political and military relations between the Republic of Greece and Israel, as an example of effective use of military cooperation in favor of achieving foreign policy goals.

Keywords: Greece; Israel; Eastern Mediterranean; international relations; military cooperation

THE JUST-IN-TIME APPROACH APPLIED TO E-LANGUAGE LEARNING

Colonel (Ret) Dr. Antonio Martínez de Baños Carrillo
Centro Universitario de la Defensa – Zaragoza (Spain)

Dr. Cristina Sáiz Enfedaque
Academia General Militar – Zaragoza (Spain)

Abstract: From industry to teaching, being competent im- plies knowing how to do things in a complex, adaptable, and reflective way in a variety of contexts. It involves the integration of knowledge, procedures, attitudes, and values whose mastery and application change throughout life. Besides this idea of being adaptable, we want to add the “just-in-time approach” (JIT approach), which had a boom during the pandemic of COVID-19 and which focused on providing learners with the language skills and knowledge they needed at the precise moment they required to accomplish a specific task or communicate effectively in real-life situations. Unfortunately, it also proved that a generation gap existed between 20-year-old students and their teachers of older generations. Current officer cadets have not lived without mobile phones or the Internet which drastically have changed the way we communicate and had a significant impact on our lives. New technologies made communication more accessible and convenient with beloved ones, colleagues, and the conduct of business operations. Networking was not only advisable but a must and the pandemic proved how useful online teaching was and how well-adapted our cadets were. New technologies made it possible to access the Internet from anywhere, providing instant access to information, entertainment, and services.

Keywords: Just-in-time approach; new technologies; Net- working; the Internet; E-language learning

THE GEOPOLITICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF TRANSNISTRIA IN THE EUROPEAN INTEGRATION OF MOLDOVA

Dr. Valeri Nikolov, Аssist. Prof.
Rakovski National Defence College (Bulgaria)

Abstract: The publication examines the current state of the so-called frozen conflict in Transnistria in the context of the Russian military actions in Ukraine; the positions of the external factors – Moldova, Romania, Russia, Ukraine; the importance of

the conflict on the European integration process of Moldova; the possible influence of the ongoing geopolitical processes in the Moldovan state over the national security of Bulgaria.

Keywords: Transnistria; Moldova; Romania; Russia; Ukraine; Bulgaria

Policies, Strategies, Leadership

 DEFENCE PLANNING CHALLENGES

Lieutenant Colonel Dr. Ilian Sotirov, Assist. Prof.
Rakovski National Defence College (Bulgaria)

Abstract: The defence planning process is fundamental in preparing the country for defence. But in order to be such, it must be legally very well regulated and tied to the overall strategic planning of ensuring national security. The article substantiates why defence planning is the key to ensuring national security; provides a brief description of the planning process and its implementation; and highlights some essential challenges, according to the author.

Keywords: national security; defence; defence planning; strategic review; armed forces; civilian defence resources

AN APPROACH TO EMPIRICAL RESEARCH, ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF THE ACTIVITIES IN THE ARMED FORCES

CMDR (OF-4 NAVY) Dr. Zhivko Yordanov
Rakovski National Defence College (Bulgaria)

Abstract: The armed forces of a country, regardless of its organization and government, are always part of its national security system. Their participation in public relations develops and becomes more complicated simultaneously with the development and complication of public relations. The activities carried out by the armed forces are activities carried out in the intangible sphere, which significantly complicates their research, which necessitates the use of a specific research approach.

Keywords: Armed forces; approach; analysis; evaluation

Theory and Practice

METHODOLOGY FOR EFFECTIVE PLANNING OF MEANS OF DESTRUCTION LOCATED IN THE COVER AND IN THE STERN FOR VARIOUS TYPES OF TARGETS

Dr. Arzuman Gardashkhan oglu Gasanov, Assoc. Prof., Colonel Yashar Shukur oglu Karimov, Assoc. Prof.
Military Scientific Research Institute of National Defense University – Baku (Azerbaijan)

Abstract: In the article, the issue of effective planning of covert and open means of destruction against various types of tanks, infantry fighting vehicles, infantry groups, as well as aerial targets (helicopters, UAVs) flying from a height of up to 200 m, is solved for combat activities using the game theory method. The result shows that it is possible to select favourable options before deploying cover and open means of destruction against targets. This issue can be used before combat activities are planned.

Keywords: various types of targets; means of destruction; mathematical modeling; theory of games

ASPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE ORGANIZATION OF WEAPONS AND AMMUNITION ACCOUNTABILITY AND REPORTING IN THE BULGARIAN ARMY

Major Marin Glushev, PhD student
Rakovski National Defence College (Bulgaria)

Abstract: The article focuses on the main aspects of the development of the organization of weapons and ammunition accountability and reporting from the foundation of the Bulgarian Land Forces in 1878 to date. Based on historical analyses, it introduces theoretical formulations regarding the organization of weapons and ammunition accountability and reporting as well as the implementation of the automated subsystems related to these activities. It emphasizes the application of information systems during the different periods of the development of the logistics system of the Bulgarian Army and the possibilities for improvement and optimization of the organization of weapons and ammunition accountability and reporting.

Keywords: development; report; accountability; armament; ammunition; subsystems; information systems

COORDINATION OF ACTIONS BETWEEN SPECIAL OPERATIONS FORCES AND OTHER STRUCTURES – KEY TO SUCCESSFUL PARTICIPATION IN JOINT OPERATIONS

Lieutenant Colonel Dr. Hristo Georgiev, Assist. Prof.
Rakovski National Defence College (Bulgaria)

Abstract: The modern geopolitical situation offers us a wide-spectrum framework of conflicts of varying intensity. The threats that are generated make it necessary to use more than one structure against them, both from the armed forces and the state as a whole. Therefore, more and more often, Special Forces will have to conduct operations in an environment in which other structures are operating. This makes it necessary to consider the interaction between the participating structures in joint operations as a permanent phenomenon.

Keywords: joint operations; Special Forces; interaction

GUIDELINES FOR AUTHORS

The purpose of these Guidelines is to ensure the highest possible visibility of published texts in scientific databases.

The guidelines have been developed in accordance with the current BDS ISO 690:2021 standard – Guidelines for bibliographic references and citations to information resources.

Voenen Zhurnal scientific journal only considers manuscripts that have not been published, or submitted for publication, in another journal. A submitted manuscript that does not fit the journal’s subject matter, or is not formatted according to the Guidelines, will be rejected without going through the anonymous review process.

The manuscript should contain original ideas and scientific results. Detailed presentation of theoretical statements, concepts or definitions freely available from other sources is discouraged. The journal reserves the right not to publish a manuscript found to have high similarity rate.

The manuscript should cite only references used in the text. Self-citations, as well as citation of sources not used in the text, do not contribute to the scientific impact of the manuscript.

A standard word processing program should be used to format the manuscript. Appendices in the form of graphs, tables, or illustrations must be readable and processable with programs commonly used for such purposes.

Preferably, manuscripts should be sent electronically as an attachment to the accompanying e-mail – to the e-mail address: zhurnal@rndc.bg. In the same email, the author should explicitly declare that the manuscript has not already been published or submitted for publication in another journal and that the text does not contain classified information.

Decision on publication will be taken based on the reviewers’ opinion. Editors may edit manuscripts when necessary.

Manuscript should be deemed accepted for publication when the author receives a letter of confirmation. If a confirmation letter is not received within six months within the submission, the author has the right to withdraw the manuscript in written form. The Journal does not make an explicit commitment to inform an author whose manuscript is considered rejected.

Manuscript preparation

General guidelines

  • Manuscripts may be submitted in Bulgarian or in English depending on the author’s opinion or on the reviewers recommendation. Manuscripts in other languages could be published at the discretion of the editors.
  • It is not recommended to specifically format the text itself with regard to tabs, bullets and other similar symbols. Tabs should be used for table layout only.
  • Recommended manuscript length: 40,000 characters (including spaces) – for a research article, and 20,000 characters – for a review. There are no formatting requirements in terms of font type and size.
  • Manuscripts should be compiled in the following order:
    • title of the paper (without any abbreviations);
    • names of the authors with their scientific degree, academic position and institution;
    • abstract, that indicates the research goal and methodology, and outlines the research novelty and results. The abstract should correspond to the title, keywords and main text of the study. Recommended abstract volume: 100 – 150 words;
    • 3 – 6 keywords, related to the topic, divided by each other with ; ;
    • full text;
    • acknowledgements (if any) – this is the place to thank other supporters, or to indicate funding for a survey which results lay in the manuscript;
    • appendixes (as appropriate);
    • notes;
    • references;
    • full business card of the author(s) – academic position, affiliation, personal ID in scientific databases, name of faculty and/or institution, postal address, e-mail address;
  • Figures (illustrations) and their captions, in addition to placing in the main text, should be separately provided in a supplementary file. Where the size of the figures is large and it is not possible to include them in the main text, their place is indicated by remarks (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, etc.).
  • Tables should be used for presenting numerical data and dependencies. Plain text tables are not encouraged, as they cause difficulties in reading and understanding the text. Tables and their captions – in addition to placing in the main text – should be separately provided in a supplementary file.

Notes

  • Notes are grouped as a separate paragraph after the main text. Their place in the main text is indicated as an upper index as endnotes. The Notes section also consists additional explanations or information, deemed as a burden to the main text.

References

  • The References list should contain only sources that are available in long term for checking or referring. All other (marginal) sources, should be listed in the ‘Notes’ section.
  • The references list should consist sources in Latin script. If there are sources in Cyrillic script, they should be presented in Latin script – preferably by transliteration, followed by indication for the original language [in square brackets].
  • Sources are being arranged in ascending order by last and by first author name, followed by the year of publication. In case of multiple sources with the same author and year, the year is followed by lower case letters (a, b, c…).
  • The references are being presented in accordance with the BDS ISO 690: 2021 standard (by name and year – Harvard system). The examples below show how this should be done.

Journal article

Consecutively are being listed author name, year of publication, article title, journal name (in italics), annual volume, issue number, page numbers (separated by a long dash).

REFERENCES

GRIGOROV, M., 2021. Antiteroristichni operatsii – ponyatie i spetsifiki pri provezhdaneto im. Voenen zhurnal, vol. 128, no 1, pp. 77 – 86. ISSN 0861-7392 [in Bulgarian].

Such a source is being indicated in the body text as (Grigorov 2021). If necessary to indicate specific page (e.g. p. 80), the indication is as follows: (Grigorov 2021, p. 80).

If an article in an online periodical is cited, after the journal name (in italics), the source of the text (accessible web address or DOI number) should also be placed at the end of the cited source.

LOMAZZI, L.; CADINI, F.; GIGLIO, M. & MANES, A., 2022. Vulnerability

assessment to projectiles: Approach definition and application to helicopter platforms.

Defence Technology, vol. 18, no 9, pp. 1523 – 1537. Available on: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.

dt.2021.09.001. [last viewed: 29 October 2022].

Such a source is indicated in the body text as (Lomazzi, Cadini, Giglio & Manes 2022), or as (Lomazzi et al. 2022).

Books

The book title is given in italics. Mentions also are the city and the publisher of the book.

REFERENCES

NEDYALKOV, D., 2022. 130 godini balgari v nebeto. Kratka istoria na balgarskata voenna aviatsia. Sofia: Prozorets. ISBN 9786192432300. [in Bulgarian].

Such a source is indicated in the body text as (Nedyalkov 2022). If necessary to indicate specific page (e.g. pp. 18 – 19), the indication is as follows: (Nedyalkov 2022, pp. 18 – 19).

Edited books

Only the title of the cited book / collection is given in italics, after the title is indicated the page range of the quoted text.

REFERENCES

YORDANOV, P., 2022. Izsledvane na riskovete za kibersigurnostta vav vaorazhenite sili na Bulgaria. In: Savremenni aspekti na sigurnostta –predizvikatelstva, podhodi, reshenia, pp. 357 – 366. Sofia: Izdatelstvo G.S. Rakovski. [in Bulgarian].

Conclusion

  • By submitting a text and/or illustrations for evaluation and possible publication, the author agrees to grant the rights for publication to Voenen Zhurnal for a period, in accordance with the Authorship Rights Bulgarian law. Published text should not be freely distributed, including through academic and social networks for sharing research results (e.g. ResearchGate.net and Academia.edu).
  • In academic and social networks for sharing research results, the author only shares the manuscript in the originally submitted for consideration version. If the manuscript is being published, after the publication the author adds to the shared original manuscript the name, volume and issue of the journal in which the text was published.
  • Publication of a manuscript does not necessarily imply editorial agreement with the views advocated by the authors.
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