Voenen Zhurnal 3/2024

CONTENTS

Policies, Strategies, Leadership

CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF A NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR COUNTERING HYBRID THREATS

Dr. Vasya Vasilev, Assist. Prof.
Rakovski National Defence College (Bulgaria)

Abstract. The focus of this article is the presentation of an exemplary conceptual model of a strategy for countering the hybrid threats of the Republic of Bulgaria. The emphasis is on the extreme need for its preparation, according to the deepening theoretical knowledge and understanding of hybrid threats, as well as their expanding application in practical terms. Both the adopted legal framework and the established structures for deterring and neutralizing hybrid threats in NATO, the EU and partner countries have been examined. The most general conceptual recommendations for the preparation of the national strategy are given, and through a comparative analysis, the existing analogous documents in the Czech Republic and the Republic of North Macedonia are revised, the structure and content of which can be adapted according to the Bulgarian reality.
Keywords:
strategy; hybrid threats; pattern; countermeasure

NATO CONCEPTUAL VIEWS ON FUTURE CONFRONTATION
AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MILITARY INSTRUMENT OF POWER

LTC Dr. Nikolay Nedyalkov
Rakovski National Defence College

Abstract: The article presents one of the aspects of the process of transformation and adaptation of NATO to the security environment after the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation in 2014 – the conceptual development of the Alliance‘s military instrument of power in the context of future confrontation. It examines the major strategic documents newly adopted in this period, focusing on NATO Warfighting Capstone Concept and its impact on some perceptions of Alliance collective defence.
Keywords: NATO; collective defence; security environment; concept; transformation; future confrontation

IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT OF THE RISK OF TERRORIST ACTIVITIES IN CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE OBJECTS OF NATIONAL SECURITY SIGNIFICANCE

Lieutenant Colonel Dr. Danail Petev
Rakovski National Defence College (Bulgaria)

Abstract: Тhe article examines the essence and goals of the phenomenon of terrorism, the main reasons contributing to its emergence and the activities in the fight against it. The process of managing the risk of terrorism is revealed. Alternative approaches to terrorist threat prevention are explored. On the basis of system analysis and risk management methodology, the theoretical foundations of criticality and vulnerability of critical infrastructure are explored. The coordination in the activities of the ministries and departments in the fight against terrorism in relation to national security is presented.
Keywords: terrorism; terrorist activity; risk management; risk analysis; critical infrastructure; organized crime

Research, Analysis, Foresees

 121 YEARS SINCE THE OUTBREAK OF THE ILINDEN-PREOBRAZHENIE UPRISING IN 1903

Lieutenant Colonel Dr. Kalin Ranchev Assist. Prof.
Rakovski National Defence College (Bulgaria)

Abstract: The text discusses the most important events in the development of the Internal Macedonian-Odrin Revolutionary Organization, the activities before and during the uprising, and gives a chronology of the Ilinden-Preobrazhenie uprising. The events of the chronology are presented in a condensed form, without their detailed description, and are traced in chronological order from their outbreak to their suppression.
Keywords: Ilinden-Preobrazhenie Uprising; Internal Macedonian and Adrianople Revolutionary Organization; chronology of events

DISCOVERY OF THE REMAINS OF A NEPTUNE 2-P-103 AIRCRAFT BELONGING TO THE ARGENTINE NAVY DURING THE POLAR EXPEDITION OF THE BULGARIAN NAVAL RESEARCH VESSEL
“ST. ST. CYRIL AND METHODIUS”

LCDR Aleksandrina Angelova
Nikola Vaptsarov Naval Academy (Bulgaria)

Abstract: The article describes the events related to the discovery of the remains of the aircraft NEPTUNE 2-P-103 by the Argentine Navy during the 32nd polar expedition of the Bulgarian naval research ship “St. st. Cyril and Methodius”. An analysis of the coverage of the tragedy in local periodicals over the years was carried out and the research methods of martyrology were applied. The transfer of the remains to the Argentine Navy brings our countries closer together. Among the words of the relatives of the crew members of NEPTUNE 2-P-103, a deep gratitude to Bulgaria sounds.
Keywords: research vessel; Antarctica; aircraft NEPTUNE 2-P-103

POLITICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CHINA IN THE XXI CENTURY

Dr. Erol Buyukliev, Assist. Prof.
Rakovski National Defence College (Bulgaria)

Abstract: The article presents some basic political characteristics of China in the XXI Century. One of the main approaches of the analysis is to present China’s political influence in the modern era in the context of its the economic power. The conclusion summarizes China’s strategic ambitions for the transformation of the two main systems in the world – in the sphere of security and the global economy.
Keywords: China in the XXI Century; military-political problems; global security; strategic competition

CHALLENGES TO LOGISTICS PROVISION IN MODERN COMBAT OPERATIONS

Colonel Dr. Rumen Hristov, Assoс. Prof.
Rakovski National Defence College (Bulgaria)

Abstract: The planning, control and implementation of logistics support in modern combat operations will provide a significant impact on the preparation and full-scale use of military formations. The modern challenges of logistics support and the volume of logistics tasks performed are a very important issue. This is confirmed by the examples in the war between Russia and Ukraine since its beginning in 2022. Bearing in mind the characteristics of modern conflicts and the possibilities for logistical support of formations participating in such operations, the challenges to the planning and implementation of logistical support can be considered. Of course, this is not fully analyzed in the article, since the information used is unclassified.
Keywords: challenges; logistical support and modern combat operations

Theory and Practice

HUMAN FACTORS: A PROBLEM INTERACTION IN L-L INTERFACE AS A CAUSE OF THE BOEING 737-505 CRASH NEAR PERM

Dr. Rumyana Kareva, Assoc. Prof.Lt.
Col. Dr. Margarita Kumanova, Assist. Prof.
Maria Dabova, PhD student
Rakovski National Defence College (Bulgaria)
Abstract: This paper presents problems of L-L interaction based on the Official report on the causes of the Boeing 737 crash near Perm. The Edwards-Hawkins SHELL model is an explanatory model for the L-L interface causes of the crash that killed 88 people.
Keywords: accident; SHELL model; L-L interface; problem interaction

FACTORS DETERMINING THE STATUS AND OPERATING MODES OF THE NUCLEAR, CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL DATA COLLECTION, ASSESSMENT AND EXCHANGE SYSTEM

MajorColonel Dr. Dimitar Nedevski, Assoc. Prof.
Rakovski National Defence College (Bulgaria)

Abstract: The system for collection, assessment and exchange of data on chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) situation, operating in the Armed Forces, has characteristics that predetermine the possibility of its optimization and its transformation into a system for early warning, notification and monitoring of CBRN contamination, meeting the modern requirements of the troops. There are certain imperfections in the operation of the system related to the long time required for processing and exchanging information, as well as to the reliability and credibility of the transmitted data. They are caused by the unrealized horizontal information links between the system elements, its inability to function as an integrated communication, information and functional structure and the absence of automated devices for determining the wide range of threats.
Keywords: chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) data collection, assessment and exchange system; use of WMD; industrial accidents; predicted CBRN situation

GUIDELINES FOR AUTHORS

The purpose of these Guidelines is to ensure the highest possible visibility of published texts in scientific databases.

The guidelines have been developed in accordance with the current BDS ISO 690:2021 standard – Guidelines for bibliographic references and citations to information resources.

Voenen Zhurnal scientific journal only considers manuscripts that have not been published, or submitted for publication, in another journal. A submitted manuscript that does not fit the journal’s subject matter, or is not formatted according to the Guidelines, will be rejected without going through the anonymous review process.

The manuscript should contain original ideas and scientific results. Detailed presentation of theoretical statements, concepts or definitions freely available from other sources is discouraged. The journal reserves the right not to publish a manuscript found to have high similarity rate.

The manuscript should cite only references used in the text. Self-citations, as well as citation of sources not used in the text, do not contribute to the scientific impact of the manuscript.

A standard word processing program should be used to format the manuscript. Appendices in the form of graphs, tables, or illustrations must be readable and processable with programs commonly used for such purposes.

Preferably, manuscripts should be sent electronically as an attachment to the accompanying e-mail – to the e-mail address: zhurnal@rndc.bg. In the same email, the author should explicitly declare that the manuscript has not already been published or submitted for publication in another journal and that the text does not contain classified information.

Decision on publication will be taken based on the reviewers’ opinion. Editors may edit manuscripts when necessary.

Manuscript should be deemed accepted for publication when the author receives a letter of confirmation. If a confirmation letter is not received within six months within the submission, the author has the right to withdraw the manuscript in written form. The Journal does not make an explicit commitment to inform an author whose manuscript is considered rejected.

Manuscript preparation

General guidelines

  • Manuscripts may be submitted in Bulgarian or in English depending on the author’s opinion or on the reviewers recommendation. Manuscripts in other languages could be published at the discretion of the editors.
  • It is not recommended to specifically format the text itself with regard to tabs, bullets and other similar symbols. Tabs should be used for table layout only.
  • Recommended manuscript length: 40,000 characters (including spaces) – for a research article, and 20,000 characters – for a review. There are no formatting requirements in terms of font type and size.
  • Manuscripts should be compiled in the following order:
    • title of the paper (without any abbreviations);
    • names of the authors with their scientific degree, academic position and institution;
    • abstract, that indicates the research goal and methodology, and outlines the research novelty and results. The abstract should correspond to the title, keywords and main text of the study. Recommended abstract volume: 100 – 150 words;
    • 3 – 6 keywords, related to the topic, divided by each other with ; ;
    • full text;
    • acknowledgements (if any) – this is the place to thank other supporters, or to indicate funding for a survey which results lay in the manuscript;
    • appendixes (as appropriate);
    • notes;
    • references;
    • full business card of the author(s) – academic position, affiliation, personal ID in scientific databases, name of faculty and/or institution, postal address, e-mail address;
  • Figures (illustrations) and their captions, in addition to placing in the main text, should be separately provided in a supplementary file. Where the size of the figures is large and it is not possible to include them in the main text, their place is indicated by remarks (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, etc.).
  • Tables should be used for presenting numerical data and dependencies. Plain text tables are not encouraged, as they cause difficulties in reading and understanding the text. Tables and their captions – in addition to placing in the main text – should be separately provided in a supplementary file.

Notes

  • Notes are grouped as a separate paragraph after the main text. Their place in the main text is indicated as an upper index as endnotes. The Notes section also consists additional explanations or information, deemed as a burden to the main text.

References

  • The References list should contain only sources that are available in long term for checking or referring. All other (marginal) sources, should be listed in the ‘Notes’ section.
  • The references list should consist sources in Latin script. If there are sources in Cyrillic script, they should be presented in Latin script – preferably by transliteration, followed by indication for the original language [in square brackets].
  • Sources are being arranged in ascending order by last and by first author name, followed by the year of publication. In case of multiple sources with the same author and year, the year is followed by lower case letters (a, b, c…).
  • The references are being presented in accordance with the BDS ISO 690: 2021 standard (by name and year – Harvard system). The examples below show how this should be done.

Journal article

Consecutively are being listed author name, year of publication, article title, journal name (in italics), annual volume, issue number, page numbers (separated by a long dash).

REFERENCES

GRIGOROV, M., 2021. Antiteroristichni operatsii – ponyatie i spetsifiki pri provezhdaneto im. Voenen zhurnal, vol. 128, no 1, pp. 77 – 86. ISSN 0861-7392 [in Bulgarian].

Such a source is being indicated in the body text as (Grigorov 2021). If necessary to indicate specific page (e.g. p. 80), the indication is as follows: (Grigorov 2021, p. 80).

If an article in an online periodical is cited, after the journal name (in italics), the source of the text (accessible web address or DOI number) should also be placed at the end of the cited source.

LOMAZZI, L.; CADINI, F.; GIGLIO, M. & MANES, A., 2022. Vulnerability

assessment to projectiles: Approach definition and application to helicopter platforms.

Defence Technology, vol. 18, no 9, pp. 1523 – 1537. Available on: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.

dt.2021.09.001. [last viewed: 29 October 2022].

Such a source is indicated in the body text as (Lomazzi, Cadini, Giglio & Manes 2022), or as (Lomazzi et al. 2022).

Books

The book title is given in italics. Mentions also are the city and the publisher of the book.

REFERENCES

NEDYALKOV, D., 2022. 130 godini balgari v nebeto. Kratka istoria na balgarskata voenna aviatsia. Sofia: Prozorets. ISBN 9786192432300. [in Bulgarian].

Such a source is indicated in the body text as (Nedyalkov 2022). If necessary to indicate specific page (e.g. pp. 18 – 19), the indication is as follows: (Nedyalkov 2022, pp. 18 – 19).

Edited books

Only the title of the cited book / collection is given in italics, after the title is indicated the page range of the quoted text.

REFERENCES

YORDANOV, P., 2022. Izsledvane na riskovete za kibersigurnostta vav vaorazhenite sili na Bulgaria. In: Savremenni aspekti na sigurnostta –predizvikatelstva, podhodi, reshenia, pp. 357 – 366. Sofia: Izdatelstvo G.S. Rakovski. [in Bulgarian].

Conclusion

  • By submitting a text and/or illustrations for evaluation and possible publication, the author agrees to grant the rights for publication to Voenen Zhurnal for a period, in accordance with the Authorship Rights Bulgarian law. Published text should not be freely distributed, including through academic and social networks for sharing research results (e.g. ResearchGate.net and Academia.edu).
  • In academic and social networks for sharing research results, the author only shares the manuscript in the originally submitted for consideration version. If the manuscript is being published, after the publication the author adds to the shared original manuscript the name, volume and issue of the journal in which the text was published.
  • Publication of a manuscript does not necessarily imply editorial agreement with the views advocated by the authors.