Военен журнал 2023 брой 4

Prof. Valeri Stoyanov, DSc., Dr. Anna Karadencheva, Dr. Rositsa Nedeva
Nikola Vaptsarov Naval Academy (Bulgaria)

Abstract: The present study introduces the results from psychophysiological research of environmental stressors and individual resilience among people with high-risk occupations in the national security field.

In order to identify the personal capabilities for sustainability and the main stressors in this professional area, the research was conducted through individual interviews and apparatus psychophysiological examination with Biofeedbeck methodology, which reports in real time the reaction of the autonomic nervous system under the influence of a certain stress factor.

The results show that the leading stressor in employees’ activities is the experience of negative emotions, in the face of difficult and unpleasant interpersonal relationships in their work field.

By themselves, the results obtained design specific directions for educational and training improvement, related to the evolution of abilities for dealing with negative emotions on an individual level, and soft skills development in order to expand personal resilience on an organizational level.

Keywords: Biofeedback; leading stressors; national security

Dr. Kamelia Narleva, Assoc. Prof.; Dr. Marieta Stefanova, Assoc. Prof.
Nikola Vaptsarov Naval Academy (Bulgaria)

Abstract: Social responsibility issues are of growing importance and top priority. Among the leading prerequisites for this are globalization, the role of knowledge, the role of information, cultural dialogue, the growing importance of social factors in governance, the role of public institutions, etc. Due to these considerations, the article presents a theoretical and empirical study of topical, controversial issues concerning the modern management concept of „social responsibility“ on the example of public institutions. Topics on the definitional definition of social responsibility are highlighted, and claims are proven through content analysis and a pilot empirical study on the aspects of its application in the public sector of the Republic of Bulgaria. In this regard, the aim of this publication is to justify the new role, opportunities, and perspectives of the concept of social responsibility, as well as to explore aspects of its application on the example of public institutions in our country, in order to make their management more effective and prosperous.

Keywords: social responsibility; social management; public sector.

Prof. Tomasz Szubrycht, DSc.
Polish Naval Academy (Poland)

Abstract: The straight-line distance from Gdynia (Baltic Sea) to Varna (Black Sea) is 1,450 km, although preliminary analysis shows that despite the distance separating these two water bodies, there are many similarities and differences between them. These include the dominant religion in the coastal states, regional and global political, economic and military importance, hydrometeorological conditions, climate, and, finally, historical conditions determining the perception of these water areas by the coastal states. The purpose of this article is to identify similarities and differences between these water bodies. The greatest attention in the research process was focused on the similarities and differences in their perception by Russia and the consequences resulting from Russia’s Black Sea and Baltic policy. It should also be noted that in the next few years many of the presented conclusions may turn out to be incorrect or incomplete, because the outcome of the war in Ukraine and the peace provisions concluded between Ukraine and Russia. Those will be decisive in determining the real role and importance of mentioned water areas in the coming years.

Keywords: Baltic Sea; Black Sea; similarities; differences; war; Ukraine; Russia; role

Dr. Siyana Lutzkanova, Assoc. Prof.
Nikola Vaptsarov Naval Academy (Bulgaria)

Abstract: The high degree of military intensity in the Black Sea region, caused by the Russian aggression towards Ukraine results in strong defragmentation and interests’ divergence of the states. The paper examines the current risks in the maritime security environment, their wide impact on the commercial and energy transport corridors in the context of some conventional and non- conventional emerging threats in the region. The reduction of the volume of the commercial transport and merchant fleet and the risks towards security and safety of commercial ports, the maritime lines of communication and the maritime critical infrastructure increase the defragmentation of the Black sea states in their operational and strategic long-term goals. The current war makes predictions of possible scenarios very difficult resulting in financial and economic insecurities. Besides the conventional physical security issues some key threats like hybrid and information warfare, lawfare of the Russian Federation, non-compliance with the international maritime law, seizure and control of national Ukrainian maritime spaces are considered, examined and analyzed. Another important aspect refers to the general advantage of NATO’s conventional combat fleet and the limited financial framework for the acquisition of new conventional combat capabilities of Russia that may result in the deployment of medium-range tactical systems for the purpose of deterrence as most adequate response. The role of the Black Sea in this scenario should not be underestimated with very bad economic consequences.

Keywords: Black Sea region; maritime security; Ukrainian war; maritime transport

Dr. Todor Dimitrov, Assoc. Prof.
Rakovski National Defence College (Bulgaria)

Abstract. The paper examines the usage of various applications of unmanned surface vehicles (USV) in naval operations in the war in Ukraine. Based on the open-source data various types of attacks and chronological development of the use of USV in Ukrainian war have been analysed.

Keywords: unmanned surface vehicle; remotely operated system; Navy; Ukrainian war

Assoc. Prof. Dragomir Krastev, DSc.
Nikola Vaptsarov Naval Academy (Bulgaria)

Abstract: The navies of the USA and the world’s leading countries are increasingly paying attention to the robotics of equipment. Until recently automation was used to improve conventional ships, nowadays it is directed towards making independent unmanned combat units for operations at sea. In the US Navy, unmanned ships already perform several tasks: reconnaissance, submarine search, and disposal of sea mines. Soon, unmanned ships will begin to solve much more complex tasks: from protecting naval bases to conducting sea battles and destroying objects along the enemy’s coast.

Today, technologically leading countries are developing various types of models of surface and underwater unmanned aerial vehicles for the needs of their navies. Accordingly, it is useful to review the industry’s current state in this sector in the USA to get an idea of its current state at the beginning of the second decade of the 21st century.

Keywords: unmanned marine vehicles; Navy; warfare; army technologies